Expressions of inflammatory factors of aqueous humor before the surgery of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma and its influence on prognosis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the expression level of inflammatory factors of aqueous humor before trabeculectomy in binocular chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(CPACG)and its correlation with postoperative filtration bleb and intraocular pressure.METHODS: A total of 15 cases(30 eyes)with binocular CPACG who admitted to the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September to December 2021 and received trabeculectomy were selected. The surgery interval between two eyes was 7d, and the preoperative expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-17(IL-17), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)of the aqueous humor in both eyes were respectively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Furthermore, the intraocular pressure(IOP)and the morphology of filtering blebs at 1mo after surgery were measured.RESULTS: The concentrations of MCP-1, IL-17, TGF-β, and IFN-γ in aqueous humor from the first eye before surgery were 330.4±46.2, 357.3±46.9, 2347.5±363.8 and 527.7±101.6pg/mL respectively, and those concentrations in aqueous humor from the fellow eye were 298.2±40.7, 309.1±53.5, 1938.3±426.0 and 628.2±104.9pg/mL respectively. The preoperative expression levels of inflammatory factors of aqueous humor in both eyes were statistically significant(P≤0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of IL-17 and TGF-β in the aqueous humor of patients with CPACG correlated with IOP and the height of filtering blebs at 1mo after surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: There may be changes in the expression levels of inflammatory factors of aqueous humor in the fellow eye after surgery of the first eye. Moreover, the preoperative expression level of IL-17 and TGF-β in aqueous humor possibly related to postoperative IOP and the height of filtering bleb.

GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells regulates microglial immune training and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

Peripheral bacterial infections without impaired blood-brain barrier integrity have been attributed to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Peripheral infection promotes innate immune training in microglia and exacerbates neuroinflammation. However, how changes in the peripheral environment mediate microglial training and exacerbation of infection-related PD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GSDMD activation was enhanced in the spleen but not in the CNS of mice primed with low-dose LPS. GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells promoted microglial immune training, thus exacerbating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during PD in an IL-1R-dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GSDMD alleviated the symptoms of PD in experimental PD models. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GSDMD-induced pyroptosis in myeloid cells initiates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial training during infection-related PD. Based on these findings, GSDMD may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with PD.

Relationship between skeletal muscle mass index and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the relationship between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity and related metabolic diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 352 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling in Yinchuan City from October 2017 to September 2020, and they were surveyed using questionnaires, physical measurements, body composition measurements, and laboratory tests. According to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic abnormalities and the definition of obesity based on the body mass index, the subjects were divided into four metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy obesity. The association between SMI and the metabolic phenotypes was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#The SMI level in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity groups was lower than that in the metabolically healthy normal weight group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender and age, a higher SMI level was a protective factors for adolescents to develop metabolic unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes (OR=0.74, 0.60, and 0.54, respectively; P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increasing SMI can reduce the risk of the development of metabolic unhealthy/obesity.

Research Progresses of Tri-Allelic Patterns in Autosomal STR in Forensic DNA Analysis / 法医学杂志

Tri-allelic pattern in autosomal STR is a common abnormal typing phenomenon in forensic DNA analysis, which brings difficulties and uncertainties to the evaluation of the evidence weight in actual cases. This paper reviews the types, formation mechanism, occurrence frequency, genetic pattern and quantitative evaluation of evidence of the tri-allelic pattern in autosomal STR in forensic DNA analysis. This paper mainly explains the formation mechanism and genetic patterns based on different types of tri-allelic pattern. This paper also discusses the determination of tri-allelic pattern and the quantitative method of evidence evaluation in paternity testing and individual identification. This paper aims to provide references for scientific and standardized analysis of this abnormal typing phenomenon in forensic DNA analysis.

Diagnostic value of F wave changes in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and compare the characteristics and causes of F wave changes in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A (CMT1A) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with CMT1A and 30 patients with CIDP were enrolled in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018. Their clinical data, electrophysiological data(nerve conduction velocity, F wave and H reflex) and neurological function scores were recorded. Some patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus, and the results were analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#The average motor conduction velocity (MCV) of median nerve was (21.10±10.60) m/s in CMT1A and (31.52±12.46) m/s in CIDP. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t=-6.75, P < 0.001). About 43.3% (13/30) of the patients with CMT1A did not elicit F wave in ulnar nerve, which was significantly higher than that of the patients with CIDP (4/30, 13.3%), χ2=6.65, P=0.010. Among the patients who could elicit F wave, the latency of F wave in CMT1A group was (52.40±17.56) ms and that in CIDP group was (42.20±12.73) ms. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t=2.96, P=0.006). The occurrence rate of F wave in CMT1A group was 34.6%±39%, and that in CIDP group was 70.7%±15.2%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t=-5.13, P < 0.001). The MCV of median nerve in a patient with anti neurofascin 155 (NF155) was 23.22 m/s, the latency of F wave was 62.9-70.7 ms, and the occurrence rate was 85%-95%. The proportion of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus thickening in CMT1A was 83.3% (5/6) and 85.7% (6/7), respectively. The proportion of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus thickening in the CIDP patients was only 25.0% (1/4, 2/8). The nerve roots of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus were significantly thickened in a patient with anti NF155 antibody.@*CONCLUSION@#The prolonged latency of F wave in patients with CMT1A reflects the homogenous changes in both proximal and distal peripheral nerves, which can be used as a method to differentiate the CIDP patients characterized by focal demyelinating pathology. Moreover, attention should be paid to differentiate it from the peripheral neuropathy caused by anti NF155 CIDP. Although F wave is often used as an indicator of proximal nerve injury, motor neuron excitability, anterior horn cells, and motor nerve myelin sheath lesions can affect its latency and occurrence rate. F wave abnormalities need to be comprehensively analyzed in combination with the etiology, other electrophysiological results, and MRI imaging.

The effects of clinical rehabilitation pathway management on intubation time, dysfunction and medical cost for stroke survivors after tracheotomy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To document any effect of clinical rehabilitation pathway management on intubation time, dysfunction and medical expenditure associated with tracheotomy after a stroke.Methods:A total of 154 stroke survivors undergoing tracheotomy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 77. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation, while the observation group was additionally provided with clinical rehabilitation pathway management during the rehabilitation intervention. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed before the experiment and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Clinical pulmonary infection scores (CPISs), scores on the Chelsea Physical Function Assessment Scale (CPAx) and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups.Results:The median extubation time of the observation group (2d) was significantly shorter than that of the control group (10d). After 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the average CPIS scores of the observation group were in each case significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group′s averages at the same time points, even though after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment the control group′s average CPIS scores had improved significantly. After 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the average CPAx scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and better than the control group′s averages, even though the control group too had improved significantly compared with before the treatment. Hospitalization days, total hospitalization cost, antibiotic cost and laboratory examination cost of the observation group were, on average, significantly lower than those of the control group.Conclusion:Rehabilitation path management can shorten the period of intubation, prevent pulmonary infections, relieve dysfunction, and reduce medical expenses for stroke survivors after a tracheotomy. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Upper limb swing training with rhythmic auditory stimulation can improve the balance and walking ability of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of upper limb swing training guided by rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Eighty stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment, including neuromuscular facilitation, muscle strength training, balance training and gait training, but the observation group was additionally provided with RAS-guided upper limb swing training for 20min once a day, 5d per week for 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention, balance and lower limb function were quantified in both groups using Holden′s walking function classification, the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity motor function scale (FMA-LE), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the 10m walk test (10MWT). Limits of stability were also quantified.Results:After the treatment, the average Holden, FMA-LE and BBS scores, as well as the average 10MWT time were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group. The average stability limits and their maintenance were also superior.Conclusion:RAS-guided upper limb swing training can improve the gait, walking ability, walking stability, walking speed and balance of stroke survivors.

The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the expression of P2X7R and GFAP in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice modeling chronic depression / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate any effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the expression of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice modeling depression.Methods:Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group ( n=10) and a depression group ( n=20). The mice of the control group were raised in group (five mice per cage), while those of the depression group were kept alone for six weeks to induce depression. Among them, 16 were successfully modeled and randomly divided into a model group ( n=8) and an rTMS group ( n=8). The rTMS group received five sessions per week of 10Hz rTMS for 4 weeks. Any changes in depression-like behavior were observed and the expression of P2X7R and GFAP in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was measured. Results:Compared to the control group, a significant decrease was observed in the sucrose consumption rate in the sucrose preference test, in the distance moved in the open field test and in the expression of GFAP protein. But there was a significant increase in the immobile time in the tail suspension test and in the expression of P2X7R protein in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the model group. At the conclusion of the experiment the differences in the sucrose consumption rate, the distance moved, GFAP protein expression, immobile time and P2X7R protein expression between the rTMS and the model group were all statistically significant.Conclusion:rTMS can reduce depression-like behavior, at least in mice. That may be related to inhibiting P2X7R expression and promoting GFAP expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Association between interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications in multiparas / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on pregnancy complications in multiparas.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study involving 7 669 singleton parturients who delivered at ≥28 gestational weeks in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between December 2015 and December 2020 and had given birth in the third trimester before. Clinical data were collected, including the baseline characteristics, pregnancy complications, gestational weeks at delivery, and neonatal birth weight. According to the IPI, these women were divided into five groups: <12 months ( n=350), 12-<24 months ( n=945), 24-<60 months ( n=2 544), 60-<120 months ( n=2 478), and ≥120 months ( n=1 352). Based on the recommendation of the World Health Organization, pregnant women with an IPI of 24-<60 months were the control group. A multivariate logistic model was used to adjust for confounders and calculate the risks of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The influences of maternal age and previous delivery mode on the associations between IPI and maternal complications were analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, the incidence of GDM and HDP increased in the 60-<120 months group ( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48 and OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.13-1.92) and ≥120 months group ( OR=1.37, 95% CI:1.07-1.78 and OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.39-2.64); the risks of uterine rupture/postpartum hemorrhage and placental abruption increased in the <12 months group ( OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.34) and 12-<24 months group ( OR=2.38 95% CI: 1.13-5.02), respectively. In the 60-<120 months group, the risk of GDM increased only in non-elderly women (adjusted OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.36-2.14), so did the risks of GDM and HDP in the ≥120 months group (adjusted OR=3.11, 95% CI: 2.10-4.62 and adjusted OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-2.91). Among women who had undergone a previous cesarean section, the risk of GDM increased in the ≥120 months group (adjusted OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.81). In the 60-<120 months group and ≥120 months group, the risk of HDP increased in postpartum women (adjusted OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.08-2.95 and adjusted OR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.91-5.77). Conclusion:IPI≥60 months is a risk factor for GDM and HDP, and the associations between IPI and maternal complications are influenced by maternal age.

Efficacy of Chinese medicine Kuntai capsule combined with sequential estrogen progesterone therapy in treatment of early-onset ovarian dysfunction / 中华全科医师杂志

Clinical data of 102 patients with premature ovarian failure admitted to Zhang Zhongjing Hospital from December 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-one patients received (control group), and another 51 patients received Chinse medicine Kuntai capsule in addition to sequential estrogen progesterone therapy(study group); both groups were treated for 3 menstrual cycles. After treatment, the total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (94.1% (48/51) vs. 72.6% (37/51), χ2=4.07, P=0.044). After treatment, the proportion of patients with mild Kupperman score and serum estradiol level in both groups were increased, and the proportion in study group was higher than that in the control group. The proportion of patients with moderate and severe Kupperman score and the total score decreased after treatment in both groups, and the proportion of patients with moderate Kupperman score in the study group was lower than that in the control group. Serum luteinizing hormone and folliclestimulating hormone levels were significantly decreased, and the levels in study group were lower than those in the control group. The levels of resistance index and PI were significantly decreased after treatment in both group and the study group decrease more markedly (all P<0.05). The peak systolic flow velocity level was increased after treatment in both groups and the study group increased more markedly (all P<0.05). It is suggested that the application of Chinese medicine Kuntai capsule combined with sequential estrogen progesterone therapy can effectively improve the clinical therapeutic effect, stabilize sex hormones, uterine microcirculation and effectively alleviate the condition of patients with premature ovarian failure.

"Frame and buttress" fixation for the treatment of acetabular quadrilateral fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the "frame and buttress" fixation in the treatment of acetabular quadrilateral fractures.Methods:A total of 26 patients with acetabular quadrilateral fractures treated with the "Frame and buttress" fixation strategy (reconstructing frame and providing buttress for quadrilateral surface) from January 2017 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, including 17 males and 9 females, aged 47.7±16.5 years, (range, 25-71 years). There were 13 cases from car accidents, 8 cases from falls, and 5 cases from heavy objects. Quadrilateral fractures were classified according to whether the anterior column (A) and posterior column (P) of the acetabulum were fractured and whether the quadrilateral plate (Q) was partially (1) or completely (2) separated from the two columns. Among these cases, there were 5 cases of type AQ1, 1 case of type AQ2, 1 case of type PQ2, 14 cases of type APQ1 and 5 cases of type APQ2. The "frame and buttress" fixation strategy was used to perform open reduction and internal fixation. The Matta scale was used to assess the quality of resurfacing based on pelvic radiographs, and the Matta modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel scores were referenced to evaluate hip function.Results:All the 26 patients successfully completed the operation, the operation time was 88.1±57.8 min (range, 90-320 min), the intraoperative bleeding was 753.8±309.5 ml (range, 400-1 400 ml). There were 14 cases of anatomical reduction, 8 cases of satisfactory reduction and 4 cases of unsatisfactory reduction with an excellent rate of 85% (22/26), the excellence rate was 85% (22/26). All patients were followed up for 16.3±4.3 months (range, 12-24 months). The hip function score after operation was higher than that before operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=19.80, P<0.001). The hip function score was 13.1±2.2 at 3 months postoperatively, increased to 15.9±2.3 at 6 months postoperatively, and increased to 16.6±1.9 at the last follow-up, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). After operation, 5 patients showed symptoms of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury such as hypoesthesia and numbness in the anterolateral thigh. During the follow-up, there was no ectopic ossification, traumatic arthritis, necrosis of the femoral head and central dislocation of the femoral head. Conclusion:The "frame and buttress" fixation strategy based on quadrilateral fracture typing for acetabular quadrilateral fracture open reduction internal fixation provides strong fixation, satisfactory reduction quality, and facilitates joint function recovery after operation.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of TACE and DEB-TACE in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting bead transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The data of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatic artery chemoembolization at General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from July 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 282 patients who were enrolled, there were 233 males and 49 females, aged (55.9±10.0) years. The groups were divided into the conventional TACE group ( n=179) and the DEB-TACE group ( n=103) based on the treatments. The efficacy of the two groups was compared according to the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Postoperative adverse effects and liver function between the two groups were compared. Results:The differences in comparing the preoperative and postoperative liver function indexes between the two groups were not statistically significant. Patients who died and were lost to follow-up at 6 months after surgery were excluded and 240 patients were excluded in the efficacy analysis, with 148 patients in the conventional TACE group and 92 patients in the DEB-TACE group. At 6 months after treatment in the conventional TACE group, there were 64 patients (43.2%) with complete remission, 18 patients (12.2%) with partial remission, 27 patients (18.2%) with stable disease, and 39 patients (26.4%) with disease progression. In the DEB-TACE group, the corresponding figures were 38 patients (41.3%), 17 patients (18.5%), 26 patients (28.3%), and 11 patients (12.0%), respectively. The efficacy of DEB-TACE was better than conventional TACE with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (χ 2=8.96, P=0.030). The incidence of postoperative embolic syndrome was 53.1% (95/179) in the conventional TACE group, which was significantly higher than the 34.0% (35/103) in the DEB-TACE group (χ 2=7.34, P=0.007). Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were superior to those of the conventional TACE group.

The relationship between anticipatory grief and sleep disorder of parents with acute leukemia children: mediating effects of social support / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of social support between anticipatory grief and sleep disorder of parents with acute leukemia children.Methods:By convenient sampling method, a total of 193 acute leukemia children and parents enrolled at Children`s hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled as the research objects, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Anticipatory Grief Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used for investigation. A structural equation model was established to evaluate the mediating effect of social support on anticipatory grief and sleep disorder.Results:The scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Anticipatory Grief Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were 8.12 ± 4.95, 75.38 ± 13.91 and 62.09 ± 8.03 in parents with acute leukemia children, each demension scores and total scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were positively correlated with Anticipatory Grief Scale, and negatively correlated with Perceived Social Support Scale ( r values were -0.184 - 0.916, all P<0.01). Anticipatory grief had a significantly indirect effect on the sleep disorder of parents with acute leukemia children through social support, which showed that the mediating effect of social support accounted for 79.6% of the total effect. Conclusions:Social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between anticipatory grief and sleep disorder, nurses can alleviate anticipatory grief and improve sleep disorder by promoting the levels of social support of parents with acute leukemia children.

Protective effects of various doses of Glycyrrhizin on hippocampal tissue of young rats with status epilepticus / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the protective effects of various doses of Glycyrrhizin on hippocampus of young rats with status epilepticus (SE).Methods:Lithium chloride and pilocarpine were injected intraperitoneally into male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (with a postnatal age of 18-21 days), so as to induce SE in rats.The rats were divided into 5 groups according to the random number table method: control group, SE group, SE+ low dose Glycyrrhizin group, SE+ medium dose Glycyrrhizin group and SE+ high dose Glycyrrhizin group.Three different doses of Glycyrrhizin (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into the rats.The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum of SE rats were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-6 in hippocampus of SE rats.The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.The damage of neurons was measured by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining.Neurons apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The mitochondrial changes were observed under transmission electron microscopy.One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared to the control group, TNF-α[(369.69±58.07) ng/L vs. (75.46±14.64) ng/L], IL-1β[(242.27±25.23) ng/L vs. (45.29±5.90) ng/L] and IL-6[(288.15±24.60) ng/L vs. (46.59±8.80) ng/L] in the serum of SE rats were significantly up-regulated(all P<0.05). Compared to SE group, low, medium and high doses Glycyrrhizin could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α[(216.67±8.31) ng/L, (158.81±5.03) ng/L and (113.69±12.54) ng/L vs. (369.69±58.07) ng/L], IL-1β[(131.21±5.50) ng/L, (86.60±7.79) ng/L and (65.06±4.39) ng/L vs. (242.27±25.23) ng/L] and IL-6[(150.24±9.48) ng/L, (101.70±5.85) ng/L and (91.60±2.81) ng/L vs. (288.15±24.60) ng/L] released in serum after SE occurred (all P<0.05). The neuronal damage, loss, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage were found in the hippocampus of SE rats.Glycyrrhizin could ameliorate these symptoms.Compared to the control group, Bax levels(0.57±0.01 vs. 0.14±0.01)and Caspase-3 levels(0.54±0.00 vs. 0.11±0.01)in the hippocampus of SE rats were markedly increased, while Bcl-2 levels(0.27±0.01 vs. 0.57±0.02)were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared to the SE group, low, medium and high doses Glycyrrhizin could effectively reduce the levels of Bax(0.51±0.02, 0.45±0.03 and 0.40±0.02 vs. 0.57±0.01)and Caspase-3(0.47±0.02, 0.42±0.02 and 0.37±0.01 vs. 0.54±0.00), and increase the levels of Bcl-2(0.41±0.02, 0.45±0.02 and 0.51±0.01 vs. 0.27±0.01)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Glycyrrhizin can effectively protect the hippocampus of young rats with SE.

Protective effects of various doses of Glycyrrhizin on hippocampal tissue of young rats with status epilepticus / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the protective effects of various doses of Glycyrrhizin on hippocampus of young rats with status epilepticus (SE).Methods:Lithium chloride and pilocarpine were injected intraperitoneally into male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (with a postnatal age of 18-21 days), so as to induce SE in rats.The rats were divided into 5 groups according to the random number table method: control group, SE group, SE+ low dose Glycyrrhizin group, SE+ medium dose Glycyrrhizin group and SE+ high dose Glycyrrhizin group.Three different doses of Glycyrrhizin (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into the rats.The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum of SE rats were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-6 in hippocampus of SE rats.The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.The damage of neurons was measured by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining.Neurons apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The mitochondrial changes were observed under transmission electron microscopy.One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared to the control group, TNF-α[(369.69±58.07) ng/L vs. (75.46±14.64) ng/L], IL-1β[(242.27±25.23) ng/L vs. (45.29±5.90) ng/L] and IL-6[(288.15±24.60) ng/L vs. (46.59±8.80) ng/L] in the serum of SE rats were significantly up-regulated(all P<0.05). Compared to SE group, low, medium and high doses Glycyrrhizin could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α[(216.67±8.31) ng/L, (158.81±5.03) ng/L and (113.69±12.54) ng/L vs. (369.69±58.07) ng/L], IL-1β[(131.21±5.50) ng/L, (86.60±7.79) ng/L and (65.06±4.39) ng/L vs. (242.27±25.23) ng/L] and IL-6[(150.24±9.48) ng/L, (101.70±5.85) ng/L and (91.60±2.81) ng/L vs. (288.15±24.60) ng/L] released in serum after SE occurred (all P<0.05). The neuronal damage, loss, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage were found in the hippocampus of SE rats.Glycyrrhizin could ameliorate these symptoms.Compared to the control group, Bax levels(0.57±0.01 vs. 0.14±0.01)and Caspase-3 levels(0.54±0.00 vs. 0.11±0.01)in the hippocampus of SE rats were markedly increased, while Bcl-2 levels(0.27±0.01 vs. 0.57±0.02)were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared to the SE group, low, medium and high doses Glycyrrhizin could effectively reduce the levels of Bax(0.51±0.02, 0.45±0.03 and 0.40±0.02 vs. 0.57±0.01)and Caspase-3(0.47±0.02, 0.42±0.02 and 0.37±0.01 vs. 0.54±0.00), and increase the levels of Bcl-2(0.41±0.02, 0.45±0.02 and 0.51±0.01 vs. 0.27±0.01)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Glycyrrhizin can effectively protect the hippocampus of young rats with SE.

Effect of Inhibiting Upstream Transcription Factor 2 Expression on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer BGC-823 Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effect of upstream transcription factor 2 (USF2) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Methods Lipofectamine?3000 transfection reagent was used to transfect USF2 siRNA into BGC-823 cells (siRNA-USF2 group). Blank control and negative control (siRNA-NC) groups were also prepared. The mRNA and protein expression levels of USF2 in transfected BGC-823 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The proliferation and clone formation abilities of BGC-823 cells in each group were investigated by CCK-8 and plate cloning assay. The apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of PCNA and apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in BGC-823 cells were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with those in the blank control and siRNA-NC groups, the mRNA and protein expression levels of USF2 significantly decreased in the siRNA-USF2 group (P < 0.05). At 72 h after transfection, the absorbance in the siRNA-USF2 group was lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the blank control and siRNA-NC groups, the number of BGC-823 cell clones significantly decreased in the siRNA-USF2 group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of BGC-823 cells significantly differed among the blank control, siRNA-NC, and siRNA-USF2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the blank control and siRNA-NC groups, the expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 protein decreased and that of Bax protein increased in the siRNA-USF2 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inhibiting USF2 expression can suppress the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells and induce their apoptosis. USF2 inhibitors may have important value in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Investigation on status of dyslipidemia in Chinese females aged 35 years or above / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control status of dyslipidemia among females aged ≥35 years old across China. Methods: Participants were selected by stratified multistage random sampling method in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" National Science and Technology Support Project "Survey on the Prevalence of Important Cardiovascular Diseases and Key Technology Research in China" project. This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 17 418 females aged 35 years and over were included in the current study. The basic information such as age, medical history and menopause was collected by questionnaire. The blood lipid parameters were derived from clinical laboratory examinations. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and the rate of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were analyzed in females aged 35 years and over. Results: The age of participants was (56.2±13.0) years old, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 33.1% (5 765/17 418). The prevalence rates of high total cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C and high LDL-C were 9.7% (1 695/17 418), 11.1% (1 925/17 418), 10.9% (1 889/17 418) and 7.3% (1 262/17 418), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with age and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in women who were not married, Han, menarche age>16 years, obesity, central obesity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease were higher than those without such characteristics (P<0.05). There were 10 432 (59.9%) menopausal females in this cohort and prevalence of dyslipidemia of these participants was 38.8% (4 048/10 432), which was higher than that of non-postmenopausal females (24.6%, 1 717/6 986) (P<0.05). The awareness rates, treatment rates and control rates of dyslipidemia were 33.9% (1 953/5 765), 15.1% (870/5 765) and 2.5% (143/5 765) respectively among females aged 35 years and over in China. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese females aged 35 years and over is high, and its awareness, treatment, and control rates need to be optimized.

Prognostic effect of MyD88L265P gene mutation in cerebrospinal fluid in primary central nervous system lymphoma / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This study has investigated the value of detecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MyD88L265P mutation and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the prognosis of PCNSL.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, CSF characteristics (including cytology, cell counting, total protein, and the level of cytokine IL-10) and treatment process of 39 PCNSL patients newly diagnosed by surgery and pathology (18 males and 21 females, aged 40-73 years) from August 2013 to December 2016 in Hua Shan Hospital North. MyD88L265P mutation was detected by digital PCR in 39 paraffin-embedded tissues and 35 cerebrospinal fluid samples. Log-rank test was used for univariate analysis and Cox regression for multivariate analysis to establish the prognosis model of PCNSL which might be related to PCNSL first progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results:The median age of the 39 PCNSL patients was 59 years old, with 30.8% (12/39) intraocular involvement. The mutation rate of MyD88L265P in tissues and cerebrospinal fluid was 74.4% (29/39) and 40.0% (14/35), respectively. 51.9% (14/27) patients were observed with MyD88L265P mutation in both tissues and CFS. Univariate analysis showed that intraocular involvement, high level of IL-10 in CFS (≥45 pg/ml), and MyD88L265P mutation in CFS are factors significantly influencing median progression-free survival (mPFS) of patients ( P<0.05). Patients with intraocular involvement had shorter OS than those without involvement which was statistically significant ( HR=6.5,95% CI 1.7-47.3, P<0.05). And multivariate analysis showed that intraocular involvement ( HR=2.4, 95% CI 1.3-7.8, P<0.05) and CFS MyD88L265P mutation ( HR=2.1, 95% CI 1.1-5.7, P<0.05) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Conclusion:The presence of intraocular involvement and MyD88L265P mutation in CFS indicated poor prognosis of PCNSL patients. High CSF IL-10 level was not an independent factor affecting prognosis.

The effect of combining breathing training with electromyographic biofeedback on swallowing ability after cerebral infarction / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of supplementing breathing training with electromyographic biofeedback in treating the swallowing function soon after a cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 96 cerebral infarction survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group, a biofeedback group and a comprehensive treatment group, each of 32. All received conventional rehabilitation treatment for dysphagia, while the biofeedback group was additionally provided with EMG biofeedback training and the comprehensive treatment group received both breathing training and the biofeedback training. Before and after 6 weeks of treatment, all were subjected to a swallowing contrast examination to observe the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter, the forward displacement of the hyoid bone, and the upward displacement of the hyoid bone. The Rosenbak Penetration-Aspiration Scale and Functional Imported Food Scoring were also used to evaluate their swallowing function.Results:Before, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of any of the measures. After the 6 weeks of treatment, all of the measurements had improved significantly in both groups, but the improvement in the biofeedback and comprehensive treatment groups on all of the measures was significantly greater than in the control group. The average values of the comprehensive treatment group were then superior to the biofeedback group′s averages.Conclusion:Supplementing breathing training with EMG biofeedback can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke survivors and reduce their risk of aspiration.

The effect of respiratory muscle training combined with occupational therapy on the upper limb function of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of combining respiratory muscle training with occupational therapy in rehabilitating the upper limb function of stroke survivors.Methods:Fifty stroke survivors with upper limb dysfunction were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 25. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation treatment including proper positioning of the affected limb, physical therapy and motor function training. The observation group also received progressive resistance training of the inspiratory muscles and respiration control training combined with occupational therapy twice daily for 4 weeks. The trunk control test (TCT), Berg balance scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for the Hemiplegic Upper Limb and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to assess the core stability, balance, upper limb functioning, upper limb muscle tension and ability in the activities of daily living of all of the subjects.Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences in any of the indexes between the two groups. Afterward the average TCT, BBS, FMA-UE, ARAT, MAS and MBI scores of both groups had improved significantly, but the improvements were all significantly greater in the observation group.Conclusions:Combining respiratory muscle training with occupational therapy can further improve the function of the upper limbs and daily living ability beyond what is observed with traditional rehabilitation therapy after a stroke.